Cancer Society of America | Lymphoma

Exposure to Carcinogens: These can be drugs, irritants, exposure to certain pesticides and herbicides, dyes, colors where benzene content is a major risk for
lymphoma.

Age factor: Victims usually are in range of ages 16-34, and 55 years and older.

Other factors: Prenatal factors like poor nutrition during pregnancy, poor life style, vitamin deficiencies especially contribute to this.

What are the clinical symptoms of lymphomas?

Symptoms are the result of both intra nodal and extra nodal, so the symptoms can either be local as well as systemic. Initially it starts with swelling in the
neck or groin.
If the condition gets advanced, other organs such as spleen, peripheral blood vessels, nerves, and stomach slowly be affected. It further spreads to both
upper and lower limbs.
General symptoms for lymphoma are fever, chills, night sweats, lethargic feeling, itching and unexplained weight loss.

Lymphomas can be diagnosed easily!

General examination reveals pain in the throat. Symptoms can be fluid filled in stomach, abdominal pain, organ enlargement and fluid accumulation.
Previous history of viral infections can give a clue to the doctor.
Fine needle aspiration can reveal tumor cell type and specifications.
Apart from all the above: common blood tests like complete blood count, blood chemistry, bone marrow biopsy, lumbar puncture to check nervous system
involvement are the diagnosis methods for lymphoma.
Imaging studies can show swollen nodes and cell changes.

Treatment of lymphomas
Treatment is entirely based upon the staging and grading, whether it is intra nodal or extra nodal, age of the person and the degree of metastasis, etc. The choice
can be chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Symptomatic management and the ultimate choice is the surgery. Most of the time, combination of therapies are ideal.

Adverse effects of chemotherapy needs to be watched carefully. Both short term and long term effects have to be observed. Some short-term effects are like hair
loss, skin discoloration, allergic reactions like nausea and vomiting. Long term effects are organ failure such as renal failure.

Advanced therapies: Radio isotopes can be directly implanted under nodes to kill those abnormal cells to prevent systemic effects.

Cancer Society of America | Lymphoma | Cause, Symptoms & Risk Factors of Cancer | Cancer Diagnosis | Cancer Prevention, Early Detection & Treatment

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Lymphoma is a characteristic manifestation of abnormality in the
T lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes. This is a type of cancer that
begins in immune system. In general, it occurs when lymphocytes
are multiplying and growing at an abnormal pace. These abnormal
lymphocytes stagnates in and around the lymph nodes such as the
spleen or tonsils which eventually turn into a tumor. It just
takes one's health and energy away because these tumor cells
grow and invade surrounding tissues and organs for their oxygen
and nutritional needs, etc.

A lymph node can be intra nodal or extra nodal. An extra nodal
lymph node can go beyond the limits of lymph node and reach
lungs, vascular system and multiple organs of our body.

What are the types of lymphomas?

There are two major types of lymphoma:

Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Hodgkin was the first person who discovered this illness.

Cause of lymphoma

Though there are several factors predisposing and causing lymphomas, scientists still do not know the exact cause due to the lack of
proper evidence. Some of the risk and causative factors are described below.

Hereditary: Gene mutations and familial tendencies may contribute to this lymphoma.