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Cancer Society of America | Surgery and Cancer | Cause, Symptoms & Risk Factors | Diagnosis | Cancer Prevention, Early Detection & Treatment



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Surgery has been an option since the time of SUSRUTHA, who is
the father of surgery and first to introduce techniques of basic
surgery and painless procedures. As a treatment option, surgery
could be the ultimate measure to treat underlying anatomical
defect or pathological variation. For this sake, surgery is been
divided into three types as:
  1. Palliative surgery
  2. Reduction type surgery
  3. Therapeutic surgery

Palliative surgery is to reduce the signs and symptoms;
it is called symptomatic surgical incision like in case of
osteotomy, jejunostomy and ileostomy.

 Reduction type surgery usually reduces the large, bulky mass
into smaller mass and there after removing it by therapeutic
surgery for example radical surgeries

 Therapeutic surgery is for the ultimate option to remove or
eradicate the anatomical defect or pathological source that
causes illness like in case of appendectomy.


 Methodology for your cancer surgeries include:
  • Confirming the diagnosis through imaging, biopsy, etc
  • Marking the area for radiation which prevents exposure of normal cells to radiation
  • Anesthesia to numb your pain
  • Surgical incision is made as per the surgeon’s preference and it also depends on various  
    factors like type of cancer, grading, depth,etc.
Cancer surgeries at times looks frightening but be prepared with the following guidelines
  • It is widely used in various tumors as a therapeutic or palliative and reduction options as explained above. If
    you feel your chemotherapy and routine medicines are failing in acting then you may approach a surgeon for
    confirmation but few considerations to be kept in mind before undergoing surgery like your age, any complaints of
    diabetes and increased blood pressure, infections, bleeding disorders and systemic illnesses etc, but make sure
    to meet your surgeon before your cancer becomes mortal.
  • Cancer surgery sometimes opted when all other options including chemotherapy, radiotherapy are failing and also
    the final stage of cancers. Be aware that it can be used as a prophylactic option also like for example if you are
    diagnosed with adenomatous polyposis in your intestine then  ultimately  your colon  need to be removed, if not
    it can spread to rectum also.

  • Cancer surgery is therapeutic if the intension is to completely remove it as in case of a benign (localized) mass
    for example mastectomy or nephrectomy to completely cut off the communication of tumor cells with your healthy and
    normal cells. The therapeutic surgeries may be radical or complete. Radical surgeries uses a technique called
    debulking where large mass or bulk is scrapped out and make it smaller and smaller for instance radical
    mastectomy. If the mass or breast itself is removed because of advancement of illness then it is classified under
    complete mastectomy.

  •  A cancer surgery sometimes is just a diagnostic tool to confirm the type of cells, nature of pathogenesis in your
    tumor mass, but it again left to which part or organ being involved. If your cancer mass is of unpredictable in
     nature in terms of size and type then staging need to be identified which definitely needs some small incision,  
    extraction of tissues affected it’s called staging surgery.
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